Inama y'Isi y'Ingufu z'Ingufu z'Isi yo mu 2026: Imiterere y'Ingufu z ...

Inama y’Isi y’Ingufu z’amashanyarazi yo mu 2026, yabereye i Yibin, muri Sichuan ku ya 3 Nzeri, yashyize ahagaragara imiterere mishya y’inganda n’icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza ku nganda z’amashanyarazi ku isi. Insanganyamatsiko yayo ikaba igira iti “Iterambere ry’amashanyarazi kuri bose, Ihuriro ry’amakuru rihuriweho”, iyi nama y’iminsi ibiri ikubiyemo uruhererekane rw’inganda, harimo politiki z’amashanyarazi, ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, kunoza imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, kubika ingufu, no kongera gukoresha bateri. Yabaye igikorwa cy’ingenzi mu nganda mu gusuzuma uko iterambere rya bateri z’amashanyarazi rihagaze mu 2026 no mu myaka mike iri imbere.

Ubushinwa bwubatse sisitemu nini kandi yuzuye cyane ku isi y’inganda zikoresha bateri z’amashanyarazi, ikaba ari yo iyoboye mu nganda nshya zitanga ingufu ku isi. Ariko, inganda ziracyafite imbogamizi zigaragara. Mu rwego mpuzamahanga, imiterere y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga iragenda ihinduka, kandi uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho by’inganda rurimo kugenda rurushaho kuba urw’akarere no mu gace, bikongera ibisabwa mu miterere y’ibigo by’inganda zikoresha bateri z’Abashinwa mu mahanga. Mu gihugu imbere, ikoranabuhanga rimwe na rimwe ry’ingenzi riracyafite inenge, ubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki bugomba gukomezwa kurushaho, kandi hari imbogamizi zigaragara mu bijyanye no kongera gukoresha bateri z’amashanyarazi.

Nk’uko raporo y’ingenzi yashyizwe ahagaragara muri iyo nama ibivuga, iterambere ry’ejo hazaza rya bateri z’amashanyarazi za lithium mu Bushinwa rizibanda ku byerekezo bitatu by’ingenzi: kugenzura umutekano w’amabatire mu buryo bwuzuye, kongerera imbaraga AI mu nganda zose, no gukora mu buryo bwuzuye mu buryo burambye no mu buryo budakoresha karubone nke. Icy’ingenzi kurushaho, inganda zemeye ku mugaragaro inzira y’ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ebyiri mu gihe kizaza, izi bateri zizafasha mu kuvugurura inganda nshya z’ingufu.

Igipimo Mpuzamahanga cya Mbere cya IEC ku Isi ku Bateri Ikomeye Iyobowe n'Ubushinwa

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byagaragaye muri iyi nama ni ishyirwaho ry’umugaragaro ry’urwego mpuzamahanga rwa mbere ku isi rw’amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza bateri. Icyifuzo cya IEC cyayobowe n’Ubushinwa cyemejwe neza, aho impuguke ziturutse mu Buyapani, Koreya y’Epfo, Ubufaransa n’ibindi bihugu bikomeye by’amashanyarazi byitabiriye iterambere rihuriweho. Ibi bigaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga ry’ubushinwa mu gukusanya bateri zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza bateri ndetse n’ubushobozi bushya bwo gushyigikira inganda z’ingufu byamaze kwemerwa n’inganda mpuzamahanga.

Mbere y’uko amabwiriza agenga imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga ashyirwa ahagaragara, inganda z’amashanyarazi ku isi zari mu kajagari, zifite inzira zitandukanye za tekiniki n’ibipimo bitandukanye by’ibizamini, bigatuma inyubako n’umutungo bidakoreshwa bihora bipfa ubusa. Ayo mahame mpuzamahanga mashya asobanura neza amagambo agenga imikorere y’amashanyarazi, imiterere y’ibizamini n’uburyo bwo gusuzuma, atanga urugero rw’ikoranabuhanga ruhuriweho ku bakora imodoka ku isi n’abakora bateri. Bizihutisha cyane iterambere ry’inganda z’amashanyarazi akoresha umutekano mwinshi kandi akoresha igihe kirekire, kandi biteze imbere iterambere ry’inganda z’amashanyarazi ku isi.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko bateri ya solid-state ku isi ikiri mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere n’igeragezwa, kandi umusaruro munini w’ibicuruzwa utaragerwaho. Nubwo Ubushinwa ari bwo bwa mbere mu gushyiraho amahame mpuzamahanga, inzira ya bateri ya solid-state ku isi iracyari mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’irushanwa, kandi iterambere rya nyuma mu ikoranabuhanga no kuzana umusaruro mwinshi biracyakeneye isuzuma rya tekiniki rihoraho no kugenzura ikoranabuhanga.

Inganda zikora batiri za sodium-ion zigeze ku rwego rwo gukura cyane

Bitandukanye n'igihe kirekire cyo gukora ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rya bateri za solid-state, inganda za bateri za sodium-ion zinjiye ku mugaragaro kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri N mu 2026. Mu ntangiriro, iterambere rya bateri za sodium-ion ryatewe ahanini n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya lithium, hagamijwe gukemura imbogamizi z'umutungo wa bateri za lithium. Kuri ubu, imiterere y'inganda yahindutse cyane, kandi bateri za sodium-ion zakuyeho burundu uburyo ibiciro bya lithium bihagaze.

Ku ruhande rw'ibicuruzwa, inganda zikomeye zikora bateri zarangije kugenzura tekiniki no gukora isuzuma ry'umusaruro mwinshi kuva mu 2025 kugeza 2026. CATL yasinye amasezerano y'ubufatanye mu kubika ingufu igihe kirekire ya 60GWh, inabona amabwiriza ya bateri ya sodium-ion yo mu mahanga ya 7GWh, byemeza neza ko ibikoresho bya bateri ya sodium-ion bishoboka kandi ko bifite agaciro k'ubucuruzi.

Ku ruhande rw'abashaka, isoko ryavuye ku gukoresha amafaranga menshi rijya ku gukoresha ibintu bitandukanye. Bateri za sodium-ion zifite ibyiza bidasanzwe nko gukora neza cyane mu bushyuhe buke, gushobora gusharija vuba, umutekano mwinshi mu mubiri no kumara igihe kirekire. Zikwiriye cyane gukoresha ingufu za AIDC, uburyo bunini bwo kubika ingufu, imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu za A00 n'imodoka zikoresha ubushyuhe buke. Kubera ko zifite ubukungu bwinshi bwa sodium n'ibiciro biri hasi mu gukora, bateri za sodium-ion zabaye inyongera y'ingenzi kuri bateri za lithium mu isoko rishya ryo kubika ingufu n'ingufu.

Umwanzuro

Inama y’Isi y’Amashanyarazi yo mu 2026 yasobanuye neza imiterere y’iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha ingufu ku isi. Mu gihe gito, bateri ya sodium-ion izishingikiriza ku kiguzi n’inyungu z’ibintu kugira ngo igere ku nganda zikora vuba kandi zigatanga ubushobozi bwo kuzikoresha. Mu gihe giciriritse n’igihe kirekire, bateri ya solid-state izayobora impinduka ikurikira mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri nshya zifite ingufu nyinshi kandi zifite umutekano mwinshi. Mu gihe ikomeje gushimangira ibyiza by’uruhererekane rw’inganda zikoresha ingufu, Ubushinwa buzakomeza kohereza mu mahanga amahame ya tekiniki ahuriweho ku isi yose kugira ngo buteze imbere iterambere ryiza kandi rirambye ry’inganda zikoresha ingufu nshya ku isi.